District Courts are the principal trial courts in the State of Texas. District Courts have original jurisdiction in felony criminal cases, divorce cases, cases involving title to land, election contest cases, civil matters (in which the amount of money or damages involved is $500 or more), and any matters in which jurisdiction is not placed with another trial court. For more information about the jurisdiction of courts in Texas, see the "Judicial Information" tab at the Office of Court Administration's website.

Tom Green County has four District Courts: the 51st District Court, the 119th District Court, the 340th District Court, and the 391st District Court.  Each of these courts is a "court of general jurisdiction"; that is, each court hears a wide variety of matters involving civil law, criminal law, and family law. There is also an appointed Criminal Magistrate Judge who hears various felony criminal matters by assignment and presides over the Felony Drug Court and Juvenile Drug Court.
 
The 340th and 391st District Courts cover only Tom Green County. The 51st District Court covers Tom Green, Coke, Irion, Schleicher, and Sterling Counties. The 119th District Court covers Tom Green, Concho, and Runnels Counties. By statute, the judges of these courts are authorized to hear cases filed in any of the four courts.

In addition to the four general jurisdiction courts, Tom Green County has four courts that specialize in specific areas of law: the Child Protection Court of the Concho Valley, the Title IV-D Child Support Court No. 34, the Tom Green County Felony Drug Court, and the Tom Green County Juvenile Drug Court.